NAME
qemu-doc - QEMU Emulator User Documentation
SYNOPSIS
usage: qemu [options] [disk_image]
DESCRIPTION
The QEMU PC System emulator simulates the following peripherals:
- i440FX host PCI bridge and PIIX3 PCI to ISA bridge
- Cirrus CLGD 5446 PCI VGA card or dummy VGA card with Bochs VESA
extensions (hardware level, including all non standard modes).
- PS/2 mouse and keyboard
- 2 PCI IDE interfaces with hard disk and CD-ROM support
- Floppy disk
- PCI/ISA PCI network adapters
- Serial ports
- Creative SoundBlaster 16 sound card
- ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370 sound card
- Intel 82801AA AC97 Audio compatible sound card
- Adlib(OPL2) - Yamaha YM3812 compatible chip
- Gravis Ultrasound GF1 sound card
- CS4231A compatible sound card
- PCI UHCI USB controller and a virtual USB hub.
SMP is supported with up to 255 CPUs.
Note that adlib, gus and cs4231a are only available when QEMU was
configured with --audio-card-list option containing the name(s) of
required card(s).
QEMU uses the PC BIOS from the Bochs project and the Plex86/Bochs LGPL
VGA BIOS.
QEMU uses YM3812 emulation by Tatsuyuki Satoh.
QEMU uses GUS emulation(GUSEMU32 <http://www.deinmeister.de/gusemu/>)
by Tibor "TS" SchA~Xtz.
CS4231A is the chip used in Windows Sound System and GUSMAX products
OPTIONS
disk_image is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0. Some targets
do not need a disk image.
General options:
-h Display help and exit
-M machine
Select the emulated machine ("-M ?" for list)
-cpu model
Select CPU model (-cpu ? for list and additional feature selection)
-smp n
Simulate an SMP system with n CPUs. On the PC target, up to 255
CPUs are supported. On Sparc32 target, Linux limits the number of
usable CPUs to 4.
-fda file
-fdb file
Use file as floppy disk 0/1 image. You can use the host floppy by
using /dev/fd0 as filename.
-hda file
-hdb file
-hdc file
-hdd file
Use file as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image.
-cdrom file
Use file as CD-ROM image (you cannot use -hdc and -cdrom at the
same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by using /dev/cdrom as
filename.
-drive option[,option[,option[,...]]]
Define a new drive. Valid options are:
"file=file"
This option defines which disk image to use with this drive. If
the filename contains comma, you must double it (for instance,
"file=my,,file" to use file "my,file").
"if=interface"
This option defines on which type on interface the drive is
connected. Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy,
pflash, virtio.
"bus=bus,unit=unit"
These options define where is connected the drive by defining
the bus number and the unit id.
"index=index"
This option defines where is connected the drive by using an
index in the list of available connectors of a given interface
type.
"media=media"
This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom.
"cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]"
These options have the same definition as they have in -hdachs.
"snapshot=snapshot"
snapshot is "on" or "off" and allows to enable snapshot for
given drive (see -snapshot).
"cache=cache"
cache is "none", "writeback", or "writethrough" and controls
how the host cache is used to access block data.
"format=format"
Specify which disk format will be used rather than detecting
the format. Can be used to specifiy format=raw to avoid
interpreting an untrusted format header.
"serial=serial"
This option specifies the serial number to assign to the
device.
By default, writethrough caching is used for all block device.
This means that the host page cache will be used to read and write
data but write notification will be sent to the guest only when the
data has been reported as written by the storage subsystem.
Writeback caching will report data writes as completed as soon as
the data is present in the host page cache. This is safe as long
as you trust your host. If your host crashes or loses power, then
the guest may experience data corruption. When using the -snapshot
option, writeback caching is used by default.
The host page can be avoided entirely with cache=none. This will
attempt to do disk IO directly to the guests memory. QEMU may
still perform an internal copy of the data.
Some block drivers perform badly with cache=writethrough, most
notably, qcow2. If performance is more important than correctness,
cache=writeback should be used with qcow2. By default, if no
explicit caching is specified for a qcow2 disk image,
cache=writeback will be used. For all other disk types,
cache=writethrough is the default.
Instead of -cdrom you can use:
qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom
Instead of -hda, -hdb, -hdc, -hdd, you can use:
qemu -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk
qemu -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk
qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk
qemu -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk
You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0:
qemu -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty
drive:
qemu -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
You can connect a SCSI disk with unit ID 6 on the bus #0:
qemu -drive file=file,if=scsi,bus=0,unit=6
Instead of -fda, -fdb, you can use:
qemu -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy
qemu -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy
By default, interface is "ide" and index is automatically
incremented:
qemu -drive file=a -drive file=b"
is interpreted like:
qemu -hda a -hdb b
-mtdblock file
Use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image.
-sd file
Use 'file' as SecureDigital card image.
-pflash file
Use 'file' as a parallel flash image.
-boot [a|c|d|n]
Boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), or Etherboot (n).
Hard disk boot is the default.
-snapshot
Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case,
the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however
force the write back by pressing C-a s.
-m megs
Set virtual RAM size to megs megabytes. Default is 128 MiB.
Optionally, a suffix of "M" or "G" can be used to signify a value
in megabytes or gigabytes respectively.
-k language
Use keyboard layout language (for example "fr" for French). This
option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC keycodes
(e.g. on Macs, with some X11 servers or with a VNC display). You
don't normally need to use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windows hosts.
The available layouts are:
ar de-ch es fo fr-ca hu ja mk no pt-br sv
da en-gb et fr fr-ch is lt nl pl ru th
de en-us fi fr-be hr it lv nl-be pt sl tr
The default is "en-us".
-audio-help
Will show the audio subsystem help: list of drivers, tunable
parameters.
-soundhw card1[,card2,...] or -soundhw all
Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use ? to print all
available sound hardware.
qemu -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img
qemu -soundhw es1370 disk.img
qemu -soundhw ac97 disk.img
qemu -soundhw all disk.img
qemu -soundhw ?
Note that Linux's i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module might
require manually specifying clocking.
modprobe i810_audio clocking=48000
USB options:
-usb
Enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
-usbdevice devname
Add the USB device devname.
"mouse"
Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when
activated.
"tablet"
Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a
touchscreen). This means qemu is able to report the mouse
position without having to grab the mouse. Also overrides the
PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.
"disk:[format=format]:file"
Mass storage device based on file. The optional format argument
will be used rather than detecting the format. Can be used to
specifiy format=raw to avoid interpreting an untrusted format
header.
"host:bus.addr"
Pass through the host device identified by bus.addr (Linux
only).
"host:vendor_id:product_id"
Pass through the host device identified by vendor_id:product_id
(Linux only).
"serial:[vendorid=vendor_id][,productid=product_id]:dev"
Serial converter to host character device dev, see "-serial"
for the available devices.
"braille"
Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille
output on a real or fake device.
"net:options"
Network adapter that supports CDC ethernet and RNDIS protocols.
-name name
Sets the name of the guest. This name will be displayed in the SDL
window caption. The name will also be used for the VNC server.
-uuid uuid
Set system UUID.
Display options:
-nographic
Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this
option, you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a
simple command line application. The emulated serial port is
redirected on the console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to
debug a Linux kernel with a serial console.
-curses
Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this
option, QEMU can display the VGA output when in text mode using a
curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed in graphical mode.
-no-frame
Do not use decorations for SDL windows and start them using the
whole available screen space. This makes the using QEMU in a
dedicated desktop workspace more convenient.
-alt-grab
Use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt).
-no-quit
Disable SDL window close capability.
-sdl
Enable SDL.
-portrait
Rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD).
-vga type
Select type of VGA card to emulate. Valid values for type are
"cirrus"
Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video card. All Windows versions starting
from Windows 95 should recognize and use this graphic card. For
optimal performances, use 16 bit color depth in the guest and
the host OS. (This one is the default)
"std"
Standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions. If your guest OS
supports the VESA 2.0 VBE extensions (e.g. Windows XP) and if
you want to use high resolution modes (>= 1280x1024x16) then
you should use this option.
"vmware"
VMWare SVGA-II compatible adapter. Use it if you have
sufficiently recent XFree86/XOrg server or Windows guest with a
driver for this card.
"none"
Disable VGA card.
-full-screen
Start in full screen.
-vnc display[,option[,option[,...]]]
Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this
option, you can have QEMU listen on VNC display display and
redirect the VGA display over the VNC session. It is very useful
to enable the usb tablet device when using this option (option
-usbdevice tablet). When using the VNC display, you must use the -k
parameter to set the keyboard layout if you are not using en-us.
Valid syntax for the display is
"host:d"
TCP connections will only be allowed from host on display d.
By convention the TCP port is 5900+d. Optionally, host can be
omitted in which case the server will accept connections from
any host.
""unix":path"
Connections will be allowed over UNIX domain sockets where path
is the location of a unix socket to listen for connections on.
"none"
VNC is initialized but not started. The monitor "change"
command can be used to later start the VNC server.
Following the display value there may be one or more option flags
separated by commas. Valid options are
"reverse"
Connect to a listening VNC client via a "reverse" connection.
The client is specified by the display. For reverse network
connections (host:d,"reverse"), the d argument is a TCP port
number, not a display number.
"password"
Require that password based authentication is used for client
connections. The password must be set separately using the
"change" command in the pcsys_monitor
"tls"
Require that client use TLS when communicating with the VNC
server. This uses anonymous TLS credentials so is susceptible
to a man-in-the-middle attack. It is recommended that this
option be combined with either the x509 or x509verify options.
"x509=/path/to/certificate/dir"
Valid if tls is specified. Require that x509 credentials are
used for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its
x509 certificate to the client. It is recommended that a
password be set on the VNC server to provide authentication of
the client when this is used. The path following this option
specifies where the x509 certificates are to be loaded from.
See the vnc_security section for details on generating
certificates.
"x509verify=/path/to/certificate/dir"
Valid if tls is specified. Require that x509 credentials are
used for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its
x509 certificate to the client, and request that the client
send its own x509 certificate. The server will validate the
client's certificate against the CA certificate, and reject
clients when validation fails. If the certificate authority is
trusted, this is a sufficient authentication mechanism. You may
still wish to set a password on the VNC server as a second
authentication layer. The path following this option specifies
where the x509 certificates are to be loaded from. See the
vnc_security section for details on generating certificates.
Network options:
-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=addr][,model=type][,name=name]
Create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN n (n = 0
is the default). The NIC is an ne2k_pci by default on the PC
target. Optionally, the MAC address can be changed to addr and a
name can be assigned for use in monitor commands. If no -net option
is specified, a single NIC is created. Qemu can emulate several
different models of network card. Valid values for type are
"i82551", "i82557b", "i82559er", "ne2k_pci", "ne2k_isa", "pcnet",
"rtl8139", "e1000", "smc91c111", "lance" and "mcf_fec". Not all
devices are supported on all targets. Use -net nic,model=? for a
list of available devices for your target.
-net user[,vlan=n][,hostname=name][,name=name]
Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator
privilege to run. hostname=name can be used to specify the client
hostname reported by the builtin DHCP server.
-net channel,port:dev
Forward user TCP connection to port port to character device dev
-net
tap[,vlan=n][,name=name][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
Connect the host TAP network interface name to VLAN n, use the
network script file to configure it and the network script dfile to
deconfigure it. If name is not provided, the OS automatically
provides one. fd=h can be used to specify the handle of an already
opened host TAP interface. The default network configure script is
/etc/qemu-ifup and the default network deconfigure script is
/etc/qemu-ifdown. Use script=no or downscript=no to disable script
execution. Example:
qemu linux.img -net nic -net tap
More complicated example (two NICs, each one connected to a TAP
device)
qemu linux.img -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 \
-net nic,vlan=1 -net tap,vlan=1,ifname=tap1
-net
socket[,vlan=n][,name=name][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
Connect the VLAN n to a remote VLAN in another QEMU virtual machine
using a TCP socket connection. If listen is specified, QEMU waits
for incoming connections on port (host is optional). connect is
used to connect to another QEMU instance using the listen option.
fd=h specifies an already opened TCP socket.
Example:
# launch a first QEMU instance
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
-net socket,listen=:1234
# connect the VLAN 0 of this instance to the VLAN 0
# of the first instance
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
-net socket,connect=feanlau.com:1234
-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=name][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port]
Create a VLAN n shared with another QEMU virtual machines using a
UDP multicast socket, effectively making a bus for every QEMU with
same multicast address maddr and port. NOTES:
1. Several QEMU can be running on different hosts and share same
bus (assuming correct multicast setup for these hosts).
2. mcast support is compatible with User Mode Linux (argument
ethN=mcast), see <http://user-mode-linux.sf.net>.
3. Use fd=h to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket.
Example:
# launch one QEMU instance
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
-net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
# launch another QEMU instance on same "bus"
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
-net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
# launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus"
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:58 \
-net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
Example (User Mode Linux compat.):
# launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected
# is UML's default)
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
-net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102
# launch UML
/path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast
-net
vde[,vlan=n][,name=name][,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
Connect VLAN n to PORT n of a vde switch running on host and
listening for incoming connections on socketpath. Use GROUP
groupname and MODE octalmode to change default ownership and
permissions for communication port. This option is available only
if QEMU has been compiled with vde support enabled.
Example:
# launch vde switch
vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch
# launch QEMU instance
qemu linux.img -net nic -net vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch
-net none
Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used
to override the default configuration (-net nic -net user) which is
activated if no -net options are provided.
-tftp dir
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP
server. The files in dir will be exposed as the root of a TFTP
server. The TFTP client on the guest must be configured in binary
mode (use the command "bin" of the Unix TFTP client). The host IP
address on the guest is as usual 10.0.2.2.
-bootp file
When using the user mode network stack, broadcast file as the BOOTP
filename. In conjunction with -tftp, this can be used to network
boot a guest from a local directory.
Example (using pxelinux):
qemu -hda linux.img -boot n -tftp /path/to/tftp/files -bootp /pxelinux.0
-smb dir
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB
server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in dir
transparently.
In the guest Windows OS, the line:
10.0.2.4 smbserver
must be added in the file C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS (for windows 9x/Me) or
C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS (Windows NT/2000).
Then dir can be accessed in \\smbserver\qemu.
Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS in
/usr/sbin/smbd. QEMU was tested successfully with smbd version
2.2.7a from the Red Hat 9 and version 3.0.10-1.fc3 from Fedora Core
3.
-redir [tcp|udp]:host-port:[guest-host]:guest-port
When using the user mode network stack, redirect incoming TCP or
UDP connections to the host port host-port to the guest guest-host
on guest port guest-port. If guest-host is not specified, its value
is 10.0.2.15 (default address given by the built-in DHCP server).
For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest
screen 0, use the following:
# on the host
qemu -redir tcp:6001::6000 [...]
# this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server
xterm -display :1
To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port
on the guest, use the following:
# on the host
qemu -redir tcp:5555::23 [...]
telnet localhost 5555
Then when you use on the host "telnet localhost 5555", you connect
to the guest telnet server.
Bluetooth(R) options:
-bt hci[...]
Defines the function of the corresponding Bluetooth HCI. -bt
options are matched with the HCIs present in the chosen machine
type. For example when emulating a machine with only one HCI built
into it, only the first "-bt hci[...]" option is valid and defines
the HCI's logic. The Transport Layer is decided by the machine
type. Currently the machines "n800" and "n810" have one HCI and
all other machines have none.
The following three types are recognized:
"-bt hci,null"
(default) The corresponding Bluetooth HCI assumes no internal
logic and will not respond to any HCI commands or emit events.
"-bt hci,host[:id]"
("bluez" only) The corresponding HCI passes commands / events
to / from the physical HCI identified by the name id (default:
"hci0") on the computer running QEMU. Only available on
"bluez" capable systems like Linux.
"-bt hci[,vlan=n]"
Add a virtual, standard HCI that will participate in the
Bluetooth scatternet n (default 0). Similarly to -net VLANs,
devices inside a bluetooth network n can only communicate with
other devices in the same network (scatternet).
-bt vhci[,vlan=n]
(Linux-host only) Create a HCI in scatternet n (default 0) attached
to the host bluetooth stack instead of to the emulated target.
This allows the host and target machines to participate in a common
scatternet and communicate. Requires the Linux "vhci" driver
installed. Can be used as following:
qemu [...OPTIONS...] -bt hci,vlan=5 -bt vhci,vlan=5
-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]
Emulate a bluetooth device dev and place it in network n (default
0). QEMU can only emulate one type of bluetooth devices currently:
"keyboard"
Virtual wireless keyboard implementing the HIDP bluetooth
profile.
i386 target only:
-win2k-hack
Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After
Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this
option slows down the IDE transfers).
-rtc-td-hack
Use it if you experience time drift problem in Windows with ACPI
HAL. This option will try to figure out how many timer interrupts
were not processed by the Windows guest and will re-inject them.
-no-fd-bootchk
Disable boot signature checking for floppy disks in Bochs BIOS. It
may be needed to boot from old floppy disks.
-no-acpi
Disable ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) support.
Use it if your guest OS complains about ACPI problems (PC target
machine only).
-no-hpet
Disable HPET support.
-acpitable
[sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n]
[,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,data=file1[:file2]...]
Add ACPI table with specified header fields and context from
specified files.
Linux boot specific: When using these options, you can use a given
Linux kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful
for easier testing of various kernels.
-kernel bzImage
Use bzImage as kernel image.
-append cmdline
Use cmdline as kernel command line
-initrd file
Use file as initial ram disk.
Debug/Expert options:
-serial dev
Redirect the virtual serial port to host character device dev. The
default device is "vc" in graphical mode and "stdio" in non
graphical mode.
This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serial
ports.
Use "-serial none" to disable all serial ports.
Available character devices are:
"vc[:WxH]"
Virtual console. Optionally, a width and height can be given in
pixel with
vc:800x600
It is also possible to specify width or height in characters:
vc:80Cx24C
"pty"
[Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated)
"none"
No device is allocated.
"null"
void device
"/dev/XXX"
[Linux only] Use host tty, e.g. /dev/ttyS0. The host serial
port parameters are set according to the emulated ones.
"/dev/parportN"
[Linux only, parallel port only] Use host parallel port N.
Currently SPP and EPP parallel port features can be used.
"file:filename"
Write output to filename. No character can be read.
"stdio"
[Unix only] standard input/output
"pipe:filename"
name pipe filename
"COMn"
[Windows only] Use host serial port n
"udp:[remote_host]:remote_port[@[src_ip]:src_port]"
This implements UDP Net Console. When remote_host or src_ip
are not specified they default to 0.0.0.0. When not using a
specified src_port a random port is automatically chosen.
"msmouse"
Three button serial mouse. Configure the guest to use Microsoft
protocol.
If you just want a simple readonly console you can use "netcat"
or "nc", by starting qemu with: "-serial udp::4555" and nc as:
"nc -u -l -p 4555". Any time qemu writes something to that port
it will appear in the netconsole session.
If you plan to send characters back via netconsole or you want
to stop and start qemu a lot of times, you should have qemu use
the same source port each time by using something like "-serial
udp::4555@4556" to qemu. Another approach is to use a patched
version of netcat which can listen to a TCP port and send and
receive characters via udp. If you have a patched version of
netcat which activates telnet remote echo and single char
transfer, then you can use the following options to step up a
netcat redirector to allow telnet on port 5555 to access the
qemu port.
"Qemu Options:"
-serial udp::4555@4556
"netcat options:"
-u -P 4555 -L 0.0.0.0:4556 -t -p 5555 -I -T
"telnet options:"
localhost 5555
"tcp:[host]:port[,server][,nowait][,nodelay]"
The TCP Net Console has two modes of operation. It can send
the serial I/O to a location or wait for a connection from a
location. By default the TCP Net Console is sent to host at
the port. If you use the server option QEMU will wait for a
client socket application to connect to the port before
continuing, unless the "nowait" option was specified. The
"nodelay" option disables the Nagle buffering algorithm. If
host is omitted, 0.0.0.0 is assumed. Only one TCP connection at
a time is accepted. You can use "telnet" to connect to the
corresponding character device.
"Example to send tcp console to 192.168.0.2 port 4444"
-serial tcp:192.168.0.2:4444
"Example to listen and wait on port 4444 for connection"
-serial tcp::4444,server
"Example to not wait and listen on ip 192.168.0.100 port 4444"
-serial tcp:192.168.0.100:4444,server,nowait
"telnet:host:port[,server][,nowait][,nodelay]"
The telnet protocol is used instead of raw tcp sockets. The
options work the same as if you had specified "-serial tcp".
The difference is that the port acts like a telnet server or
client using telnet option negotiation. This will also allow
you to send the MAGIC_SYSRQ sequence if you use a telnet that
supports sending the break sequence. Typically in unix telnet
you do it with Control-] and then type "send break" followed by
pressing the enter key.
"unix:path[,server][,nowait]"
A unix domain socket is used instead of a tcp socket. The
option works the same as if you had specified "-serial tcp"
except the unix domain socket path is used for connections.
"mon:dev_string"
This is a special option to allow the monitor to be multiplexed
onto another serial port. The monitor is accessed with key
sequence of Control-a and then pressing c. See monitor access
pcsys_keys in the -nographic section for more keys. dev_string
should be any one of the serial devices specified above. An
example to multiplex the monitor onto a telnet server listening
on port 4444 would be:
"-serial mon:telnet::4444,server,nowait"
"braille"
Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille
output on a real or fake device.
-parallel dev
Redirect the virtual parallel port to host device dev (same devices
as the serial port). On Linux hosts, /dev/parportN can be used to
use hardware devices connected on the corresponding host parallel
port.
This option can be used several times to simulate up to 3 parallel
ports.
Use "-parallel none" to disable all parallel ports.
-monitor dev
Redirect the monitor to host device dev (same devices as the serial
port). The default device is "vc" in graphical mode and "stdio" in
non graphical mode.
-pidfile file
Store the QEMU process PID in file. It is useful if you launch QEMU
from a script.
-S Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor).
-s Wait gdb connection to port 1234.
-p port
Change gdb connection port. port can be either a decimal number to
specify a TCP port, or a host device (same devices as the serial
port).
-d Output log in /tmp/qemu.log
-hdachs c,h,s,[,t]
Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= c <= 16383, 1 <= h <= 16,
1 <= s <= 63) and optionally force the BIOS translation mode
(t=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess all those parameters.
This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk images.
-L path
Set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps.
-bios file
Set the filename for the BIOS.
-kernel-kqemu
Enable KQEMU full virtualization (default is user mode only).
-no-kqemu
Disable KQEMU kernel module usage. KQEMU options are only available
if KQEMU support is enabled when compiling.
-enable-kvm
Enable KVM full virtualization support. This option is only
available if KVM support is enabled when compiling.
-no-reboot
Exit instead of rebooting.
-no-shutdown
Don't exit QEMU on guest shutdown, but instead only stop the
emulation. This allows for instance switching to monitor to commit
changes to the disk image.
-loadvm file
Start right away with a saved state ("loadvm" in monitor)
-daemonize
Daemonize the QEMU process after initialization. QEMU will not
detach from standard IO until it is ready to receive connections on
any of its devices. This option is a useful way for external
programs to launch QEMU without having to cope with initialization
race conditions.
-option-rom file
Load the contents of file as an option ROM. This option is useful
to load things like EtherBoot.
-clock method
Force the use of the given methods for timer alarm. To see what
timers are available use -clock ?.
-localtime
Set the real time clock to local time (the default is to UTC time).
This option is needed to have correct date in MS-DOS or Windows.
-startdate date
Set the initial date of the real time clock. Valid formats for date
are: "now" or "2006-06-17T16:01:21" or "2006-06-17". The default
value is "now".
-icount [N|auto]
Enable virtual instruction counter. The virtual cpu will execute
one instruction every 2^N ns of virtual time. If "auto" is
specified then the virtual cpu speed will be automatically adjusted
to keep virtual time within a few seconds of real time.
Note that while this option can give deterministic behavior, it
does not provide cycle accurate emulation. Modern CPUs contain
superscalar out of order cores with complex cache hierarchies. The
number of instructions executed often has little or no correlation
with actual performance.
-echr numeric_ascii_value
Change the escape character used for switching to the monitor when
using monitor and serial sharing. The default is 0x01 when using
the "-nographic" option. 0x01 is equal to pressing "Control-a".
You can select a different character from the ascii control keys
where 1 through 26 map to Control-a through Control-z. For
instance you could use the either of the following to change the
escape character to Control-t.
"-echr 0x14"
"-echr 20"
-chroot dir
Immediately before starting guest execution, chroot to the
specified directory. Especially useful in combination with -runas.
-runas user
Immediately before starting guest execution, drop root privileges,
switching to the specified user.
During the graphical emulation, you can use the following keys:
Ctrl-Alt-f
Toggle full screen
Ctrl-Alt-n
Switch to virtual console 'n'. Standard console mappings are:
1 Target system display
2 Monitor
3 Serial port
Ctrl-Alt
Toggle mouse and keyboard grab.
In the virtual consoles, you can use Ctrl-Up, Ctrl-Down, Ctrl-PageUp
and Ctrl-PageDown to move in the back log.
During emulation, if you are using the -nographic option, use Ctrl-a h
to get terminal commands:
Ctrl-a h
Ctrl-a ?
Print this help
Ctrl-a x
Exit emulator
Ctrl-a s
Save disk data back to file (if -snapshot)
Ctrl-a t
Toggle console timestamps
Ctrl-a b
Send break (magic sysrq in Linux)
Ctrl-a c
Switch between console and monitor
Ctrl-a Ctrl-a
Send Ctrl-a
The following options are specific to the PowerPC emulation:
-g WxH[xDEPTH]
Set the initial VGA graphic mode. The default is 800x600x15.
-prom-env string
Set OpenBIOS variables in NVRAM, for example:
qemu-system-ppc -prom-env 'auto-boot?=false' \
-prom-env 'boot-device=hd:2,\yaboot' \
-prom-env 'boot-args=conf=hd:2,\yaboot.conf'
These variables are not used by Open Hack'Ware.
The following options are specific to the Sparc32 emulation:
-g WxHx[xDEPTH]
Set the initial TCX graphic mode. The default is 1024x768x8,
currently the only other possible mode is 1024x768x24.
-prom-env string
Set OpenBIOS variables in NVRAM, for example:
qemu-system-sparc -prom-env 'auto-boot?=false' \
-prom-env 'boot-device=sd(0,2,0):d' -prom-env 'boot-args=linux single'
-M
[SS-4|SS-5|SS-10|SS-20|SS-600MP|LX|Voyager|SPARCClassic|SPARCbook|SS-2|SS-1000|SS-2000]
Set the emulated machine type. Default is SS-5.
The following options are specific to the Sparc64 emulation:
-prom-env string
Set OpenBIOS variables in NVRAM, for example:
qemu-system-sparc64 -prom-env 'auto-boot?=false'
-M [sun4u|sun4v|Niagara]
Set the emulated machine type. The default is sun4u.
SEE ALSO
The HTML documentation of QEMU for more precise information and Linux
user mode emulator invocation.
AUTHOR
Fabrice Bellard
