Java 之 23 种设计模式解析 – 外观模式(Facade)

外观模式是为了解决类与类之家的依赖关系的,像 spring 一样,可以将类和类之间的关系配置到配置文件中,而外观模式就是将他们的关系放在一个 Facade 类中,降低了类类之间的耦合度,该模式中没有涉及到接口,看下类图:(我们以一个计算机的启动过程为例)

我们先看下实现类:

public class CPU {
    public void startup(){
System.out.println("cpu startup!");
    }
 
    public void shutdown(){
    System.out.println("cpu shutdown!");
    }
 }
 
 public class Memory {
 
    public void startup(){
    System.out.println("memory startup!");
    }
 
    public void shutdown(){
    System.out.println("memory shutdown!");
    }
}
 
 public class Disk {
 
    public void startup(){
    System.out.println("disk startup!");
    }
 
public void shutdown(){
System.out.println("disk shutdown!");
    }
 }
 
 public class Computer {
    private CPU cpu;
    private Memory memory;
    private Disk disk;
 
    public Computer(){
    cpu = new CPU();
    memory = new Memory();
    disk = new Disk();
    }
 
    public void startup(){
    System.out.println("start the computer!");
    cpu.startup();
    memory.startup();
    disk.startup();
    System.out.println("start computer finished!");
    }
 
    public void shutdown(){
    System.out.println("begin to close the computer!");
    cpu.shutdown();
    memory.shutdown();
    disk.shutdown();
    System.out.println("computer closed!");
    }
 }


User 类如下:

public class User {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    Computer computer = new Computer();
    computer.startup();
    computer.shutdown();
    }
 }

输出:

start the computer!
cpu startup!
memory startup!
disk startup!
start computer finished!
begin to close the computer!
cpu shutdown!
memory shutdown!
disk shutdown!
computer closed!

如果我们没有 Computer 类,那么,CPU、Memory、Disk 他们之间将会相互持有实例,产生关系,这样会造成严重的依赖,修改一个类,可能会带来其他类的修改,这不是我们想要看到的,有了 Computer 类,他们之间的关系被放在了 Computer 类里,这样就起到了解耦的作用,这,就是外观模式!